Khachkars dating back to the 12th century have been discovered near Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh's capital, according to Artsakh Monuments, the Service for the Protection Of Historical Environment.

A khachkar, also known as an Armenian cross-stone, is a carved, memorial stele bearing a cross, and often with additional motifs such as rosettes, interlaces, and botanical motifs. Khachkars are characteristic of Medieval Christian Armenian art.